EM Properties at Radar Frequencies

Grey Hematite, Michigan (GHKwMI) Ferric Oxide (FeOxd)
Hematite (Hem) Hematite Orenburg (HemOr)
1979 Hawaii 9 (HI9) Jarosite (Jaro)
JSC-1 (JSC1) Magnitite (Magn)
Sand (Sand) Air (Air)
Pu'u Nene Horizon D (PuNeHID) Olivine, Green Sand Beach (GSBHI)
Red Mountain 5 (RM5CO) Grey Hematite Soil, Champion Mine (GHSChp)
Yuma, AZ (YUMA) Magnetite Rock, Champion Mine (MagRCh)


In this section, the EM properties (complex dielectric permittivity, complex magnetic permeability, and DC conductivity) versus frequency and temperature of many Martian analogs were measured using an HP 8753D vector network analyzer with 14 mm (GR-900) waveguides. If a sample possessed a relaxation loss, its Cole-Cole and generalized Boltzmann equation parameters were found. If a sample did not possess any measureable losses, then its frequency independent EM properties were found.


Measurement System - Description of how the network analyzer works, sample preparation, instrument calibration, temperature measurement, and data output.

Analysis - Description of the inversion used to determine the Cole-Cole parameters and the generalized Boltzmann temperature parameters.

Samples with No Losses - Table of the EM properties of Martian analogs that did not possess a measurable loss from 1 MHz - 1 GHz.

Samples with Electrical Losses - Table of the EM properties of Martian analogs that did possess a measurable electrical loss from 1 MHz - 1 GHz.

Samples with Magnetic Losses - Table of the EM properties of Martian analogs that did possess a measurable magnetic loss from 1 MHz - 1 GHz.

Thermal Modeling - Description of the techniques used in the thermal modeling of Mars.

Thermal and Dielectric Permittivity Modeling - Description of permitivity models.